Early Edition B35 Black and Chrome Lounge Chair by Marcel Breuer for Thonet, 1970s

A Little on Marcel Breuer

Marcel Breuer, born in 1902, was a Hungarian born Furniture designer and one of the masters of Modernism. Having left home at 18 years old, Breuer became one of the first, and the youngest, students at the Bauhaus. His talents were quickly recognized and he was put in charge of the carpentry shop. In 1927, seven years after joining the Bauhaus, Breuer was put in charge of interiors, which led him to his first furniture assignment. In the 1930s Breuer left Nazi Germany and moved to London, where he was employed at the Isokon company – a prominent modernist design company. While working for this company he designed the long chair, which came about due to his experimentations with bent and formed plywood. In 1941 Breuer decided to establish his own practice in New York City, which he ran until his death in 1981.

The Style of Marcel Breuer

It is pretty easy to spot a Marcel Breuer due to their particular modernist style, and curved edges. While working at the Bauhaus, Breuer revolutionized Mid-Century modern interiors by using tubular steel to create frames, taking inspiration from bicycle construction and local plumbers. When working in London he began experimenting with wood – especially with plywood – employing the same curved techniques to the thin wood. The Wassily Chair, the most famous piece designed by Marcel Breuer, is rumoured to have been designed for the artist Wassily Kandinsky, though this has never been proven. With his signature tubular steel frame, the leather creates a comfortable and practical chair for all rooms.

Marcel Breuer and His Architecture

Though Marcel Breuer is a very well recognized furniture designer, he is probably best known for his contribution to architecture. One of his contributions was the 'binuclear' house – creating separate wings for the bedroom and the living room, separated by a hall. His first two important buildings were the UNESCO Headquarters in Pari, and the Master Plan and Church at St. John's Abbey in Minnesota. Breuer went on to design over 100 buildings in his 30 years as a architect. In 1968, he was awarded the Gold medal of the American Institute of Architects at their 100th convention.

Marcel Breuer at Pamono

Marcel Breuer produced many great pieces of furniture during his years working in interiors at Bauhaus. At Pamono we have carefully curated and hand picked some of his Design Classics to ensure all pieces are top-quality. Breuer's office and desk chairs are particularly well known and featured in our collection. With our strict quality controls and sage online payments, Pamono guarantees customer satisfaction.

Thonet—the oldest surviving furniture company in the world—began its long life in 1819, when cabinetmaker Michael Thonet (1796-1871) established a furniture workshop in Boppard, Germany. A proponent of the Biedermeier style, he specialized in chairs, tables, and storage pieces characterized by clean lines, reduced ornamentation, and an emphasis on functionalist principles. By the 1830s, Thonet’s experiments in laminated and steam-bent wood furniture, like his famous Boppard Chair (1836), brought international acclaim. Thonet’s designs achieved a combination of lightness, durability, and comfort unknown in European furniture at the time.

A great fan of his work, Prince Metternich of Austria invited Thonet to present his designs to the Viennese court in 1842. Finding so much support there, Thonet opened a new company in Vienna in 1849. In 1853, he transferred his company to his sons, and Gebrüder Thonet was established.

Through the second half of the 19th century, Gebrüder Thonet designs grew increasingly popular with the cultural vanguard, especially among progressive design thinkers and tastemakers. One design in particular, the No. 14 Café Chair (ca. 1859), led the way to international success: the chair’s innovative bending technique was well suited to industrial production, and its rationalized, easily assembled structure allowed for efficient packing and shipping. In 1850, Anna Daum famously outfitted her fashionable Viennese café with No. 14 Chairs, and by the 1870s, Gebrüder Thonet had sales offices across Europe and the US. To date, more than 50 million No. 14 Chairs have been sold worldwide–not counting the untold pirated copies.

Iconic pieces from the traditional Gebrüder Thonet collection include Rocking Chair No. 1 (1860), No. 14 Café Chair (ca. 1859), Adolf Loos’s Café Museum Chair (1899), No. 209 Armchair (ca. 1900), Otto Wagner’s No. 247 Postal Savings Bank Chair (1904), and Josef Hoffmann’s No. 811 (1925). In the early years of the 20th century, Gebrüder Thonet also began producing designs in bent tubular steel by Bauhaus masters like Marcel Breuer, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Mart Stam.

In the aftermath of World War II, Thonet lost all of its production facilities in Eastern Europe, and the sales office at Vienna’s Stephansplatz had been destroyed. Between 1945 and 1953, Georg Thonet, the great-grandson of company founder Michael Thonet, led the rebuilding. Economic success returned quickly. In the ensuing decades, the company commissioned designs from many outstanding designers, such as Verner Panton, Pierre Paulin, Norman Foster, James Irvine, Piero Lissoni, and Stefan Diez. Classic Thonet pieces can be found in museum collections around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Centre Pompidou and Musée d'Orsay in Paris, the Vitra Design Museum in Weil am Rhein, the Pinakothek der Moderne in Munich, the Austrian Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna, and the British Museum and the Victoria & Albert Museum in London.

In 1976 Thonet was divided into two separate German and Austrian companies, which remain independent of each other. Today, Thonet GmbH is headquartered in Frankenberg, Germany and continues to manufacture the original, bentwood and tubular steel designs alongside new pieces by contemporary, international architects and designers. Originally opened in 1861 by Thonet himself, the furniture factory TON (Továrna Ohýbaného Nábytku), which is located in what is known today as the Czech Republic, continues to manufacture Thonet designs. 

* All images courtesy of Thonet.de